Hancock at the Battle of Gettysburg - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 831 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Battle of Gettysburg Essay Did you like this example? On July 1st General George Meade learns the armies were engaged at Gettysburg and learns Gen. John Reynolds was killed. Meade sends word to Major General Winfield S. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Hancock at the Battle of Gettysburg" essay for you Create order Hancock and wants him head to Gettysburg and assume command of the 1st, 3rd and the 11th corps. He arrives at to find General Howard, commander of the XI corps, who is also the man in charge on the scene, and explains that General Meade had sent him to take command of the III corps. Howard promptly replied to Hancock by informing him who was senior. General Hancock said, I am aware of that, General, but I have written orders in my pocket from General Meade which I will show you if you wish to see them. General Howard said, No. I do not doubt your word, General Hancock, but you can give no orders here while I am here.(Stackpole, 1956). At this time no one really knows if the two had seen eye to eye on this matter or who actually cowered down to the other. He goes on to explain that General Meade has also chosen him (Hancock) to select a suitable field to fight a battle in the rear of Pipe Creek. Hancock stood there gazing across the landscape and decides the best strategic course of a ction would be to fight from Culps Hill to Round top Hill, about a 6 mile stretch. Hancock dispatches troops to secure Culps Hill and Little Round Top and then sends word to Meade that this is the place to fight. General Meade holds a meeting later that night with his Field Commanders to discuss battle plans. Meade asks Hancock if this was a good place for a fight and Hancock replies with, a very good place for a fight. Mead turns to him and says thats good because its too late to turn back now. Meade, at this point, having no idea what the battlefield even looks like, takes the word of a junior officer on what becomes one of the bloodiest battles in American History. July 2nd Maj. Gen. Daniel Sickles fails to follow orders and gets his line decimated near the Peach Orchard and is wounded in the process. Meade orders Hancock to assume command of the III corps. Hancock arrives to find the line broken, the troops in disarray and in a state of confusion. He promptly ordered roughly 280 men from the 1st Minnesota to make a full frontal assault. Their mission is to close the gap and push the advancing Confederates back long enough for the reinforcements to arrive and reset the line. This is basically a suicide mission and in the next fifteen minutes or so, the brave men from Minnesota would lose roughly 80% of their regiment, the tactic worked, and the line is once again intact. Later that night General Meade holds a secret meeting at the Leister House, with all the corps commanders to decide the next days events. Hancock is the only one, of all commanders present, that urges Meade and eventually persuades him to stay and fight. July 3rd The union line is set up from Culps Hill to Little Round top, roughly a six mile stretch, and General Hancock with his men holding the center portion of the line. While the Confederate cannons are sounding off in the background, sending lead flying towards the center of the Union lines, Hancock rallied the moral of his troops by riding his steed into battle during Picketts Charge. As he rode his horse along the battle lines a Union Soldier, who feared for the commanders life, asked him to take cover in the rear. Hancock replies with There are many times when a corps Commanders life does not count (Jordan, 1995). During the retaliation of Picketts advancement a bullet goes through Haycocks saddle horn and strikes him in the upper thigh area. Officers from the 12 and 13 Vermont help the wounded Hancock from his horse to the ground and attend to his injury. One of the officers digs his finger into the wound removing an iron nail and pieces of wood from the saddle but no bullet is found. Luckily for Hancock the bullet had missed the femoral artery but it is lodged somewhere inside. As he lay there, now out of the fight, passing by to attach the confederates was Colonel Oscar Beasley commanding the 16 Vermont. Hancock summed Beasley closer, he grabbed the Colonels hand and said go in Colonel and give it to them on the flank. He refused to leave the battlefield until he knew the Union had prevailed and the Gettysburg battle was over. Hancock sent word to Meade of the victory, upon receiving the message Meade replied with Say to General Hancock, said General Meade, that I am sorry he is wounded, and that I thank him for the country and for myself for the service he has rendered to-day. (Leslie, 1880) General Hancock is loaded into an ambulance and hauled away for medical treatment.

The Code Of Hammurabi Ancient Babylonian Culture And...

The Code of Hammurabi is the most fascinating and useful source on Ancient Babylonian culture and justice. The intricately carved cuneiform record of a legal code is evocative of Hammurabi and his authoritarian style of leadership, and indicative of how important his legacy was to him. It also reveals that the kingdom under his rule had an organised society, with a rigid class-structure. This code was no mere theoretical exercise, but a series of practical laws that extended to shaping the society’s way of life. The manner in which Hammurabi’s Code was recorded, an eight-foot-high work of art, reveals much about Hammurabi. As king, Hammurabi had a responsibility to bring about justice. To affirm that he was fulfilling this obligation, he†¦show more content†¦Hence, Hammurabi took great pains to ensure that he and his code would be considered important, not only by his current subjects, but by future generations as well. The epilogue of the Code makes this clear, where Hammurabi orders his teachings to be passed down: In future time, through all coming generations, let the king, who may be in the land, observe the words of righteousness which I have written on my monument; let him not alter the law of the land which I have given, the edicts which I have enacted†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (King, 1910) The introduction to the Code, with a long list of his achievements, also indicates that Hammurabi’s legacy was important to him: â€Å"Hammurabi, the prince, called of Bel am I, making riches and increase, enriching Nippur and Dur-ilu beyond compare, sublime patron of E-kur; who reestablished Eridu and purified the worship of E-apsu; who conquered the four quarters of the world, made great the name of Babylon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (ibid.) Hammurabi was successful in both securing a complimentary legacy for himself and creating a code that would have a long-lasting effect. One indication of this is to be found in archaeological records, which were discovered in the library of Ashurbanipal. One fragment of these records, dating from c.1600 B.C., reveals a Babylonian proverb, which is clearly derived from the eye-for-an-eye, tooth-for-a-tooth philosophy that Hammurabi’s code teaches:

Theme for English B Free Essays

Dwayne ThomasThomas 1 11/19/2012 Composition II Figures of Speech Essay The Literary Working of Theme for English B Langston Hughes’ instillation of metaphors throughout his poem accentuates the theme concerning the integration of schools which conveys America’s ode to freedom and equality. In addition to the metaphors, irony is also displayed within the carefully crafted work of art, stressing the ridiculousness of society’s digressing of unity and togetherness. These literary devices are shown by the speaker’s inquiry of the paper he is assigned by his white professor whom states, â€Å"let that page come out of you— then it will be true. We will write a custom essay sample on Theme for English B or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"I guess I’m what I feel and see and hear. Harlem, I hear you†, says the speaker as he is expressing the beginning of his paper. The fact that he only hears Harlem implies that he has lost touch with the feeling and visual context of the African American culture due to the integration of schools. This does not necessarily expose a bad conception, for he still hears Harlem. Therefore, the idea is that the mixing of races within schools creates a melting pot that disregards feeling different and having opposite perspectives, but maintains the knowledge of where you come from. This is Hughes’ description of the American persona. The speaker extends this metaphor of the American persona even more by stating his enjoyment towards different styles of music, â€Å"I like†¦ records – Bessie, bop, or Bach. † This ranging style of musicality proves that though he is black he is no different than other people of Thomas 2 iverse ethnicity, providing another reasonable argument cooperating with the integration of public schools. Following the quote, the speaker explains, â€Å"I guess being colored doesn’t make me not like the same things other folks like who are other races. † The double negative presented in this quote symbolizes the double standard the society of America used during that time period. Though many people reg ardless of race enjoyed the same music, it was noted that the people of other races were vastly different and could not identify with any other race accordingly. With that, this quote further clarifies the similarity of diverse ethnicities. Hughes incorporates the paper the speaker writes, itself, as a metaphor as well. The physical paper itself represents, in a simplistic view, white people, as the words represent black people. Paper would not mean anything without words written on it, as words would be nothing without paper to put them on; referring to integration this simply means that the black schools and the white schools are two parts of one, and when put together they generate a meaning, an expression, a unified America. This point is emphasized by the speaker’s epiphany that his paper will be a part of the instructor as he explains, â€Å"You are white— yet a part of me, as I am a part of you. That’s American. † The second to last stanza in the poem demonstrates the ludicrous and child-like behavior between the two races, â€Å"you don’t want to be a part of me. Nor do I often want to be a part of you. But we are, that’s true! † This quote, nonetheless, highlights the fact that all of the races are a part of each other no matter how much it is disliked. And that each person learns something from one another, though others were considered â€Å"somewhat more free. In effect, this stanza thoroughly explicates the stressed meaning of the poem by exploiting the comparisons of every Thomas 3 race through humble scenarios. In addition, the last stanza, â€Å"This is my page for English B†, validates the speaker’s paper due to the professorâ⠂¬â„¢s claim that the page â€Å"will be true† if it comes â€Å"out of you†. Thus, Hughes cleverly rationalizes his agreement of integration. All in all, the poem is utilized as a gateway to express the theme of union between different races through integration of public schools. In fact, the beginning of the poem rhymes as does the end, whilst the middle of the poem contains the persuading information. This may represent the two conflicting races being unified by the material discussing the principle of America, for at the beginning the professor speaks and the speaker speaks at the end (symbolizing the two races). Also, the main point within the poem is emphasized when the speaker lists the differing genres of music he likes, because they all begin with the letter â€Å"b†, as does the title of the work. So at that particular point, the theme is best expressed. Another impression is that the title names the letter â€Å"b† as symbol of society’s current position in life. â€Å"A† stands for America, and Hughes is attempting to state that we are not there yet, but rather a step below becoming true Americans because of the conflict between races straying us from unity. Through his employment of strong metaphors and a well use of irony, Hughes skillfully indicates his argument of a need for harmony within society by integrating schools – this being the central view as the â€Å"American† way within poem. How to cite Theme for English B, Essay examples

Employment and Trade Unions free essay sample

Assignment on â€Å"Industrial Relations in Bangladesh† Submitted To Professor Dr. Moniruzzaman Course Teacher Dept: Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh Submitted by Submitted Date Date: 10/04/2014 Letter of Transmittal April 10, 2014 Professor Dr. Moniruzzaman Department of Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh. Subject: Submission of Internship Report. Dear Sir, It is a great pleasure and privilege to present the report titled â€Å"Industrial Relations in Bangladesh† which was assigned to me as a part for the competition of MBA Program. Throughout the study I have tried with the best of my capacity to accommodate as much information and relevant issues as possible and tried to follow the instructions as you have suggested. I tried my best to make this report as much informative as possible. I sincerely believe that it will satisfy your requirements. I however sincerely believe that this report will serve the purpose of my course (Industrial Relation). I am grateful to you for your guidance and kind co-operation at every step of my endeavor on this report. According to Weeratunga (2003:5) Industrial Relations or Labor Relations, the terms used interchangeably, can be viewed as the interaction between the various interested parties involved in employment. The employer and the employee are obvious parties. The state, in ensuring a level playing field for both sides, provides the legal framework within which such relations may take place. In industrial relations, workers are generally represented by their trade unions formed under chapter 13 of Bangladesh Labor Act2006 whereas employers are represented by their associations such as Bangladesh Employers Federation. HR managers mediate the relationships between workers and employers though they are appointed by the representatives of employers. Another related term is Employee Relations. Though both the terms industrial relations and employee relations are structurally similar (Decenzo Robbins, 1999: 18), employee relations includes, in addition to industrial relations, such aspects as participative management, employee wellbeing, employee development, employee compensation, employee protection and health, and the like (Aswathappa, 2008:534). Generally industrial relations cover the areas such as trade unions, collective bargaining, settlement of industrial disputes, grievance handling procedure, role of government, labor laws, courts and tribunals and role of employers. In the context of developing countries, industrial relations has been influenced by features such as high exploitation of workers, low level of worker participation in decision making, government and political interferences, high rate of illiteracy of workers, low level of employment, low level of awareness among the laborers regarding rights, laws, and trade unionism, and low labor productivity (Khan Taher, 2008: 222-23). Industrial relations plays an important role in establishing and maintaining industrial democracy (Monappa, 2004: 9) and it is the key to improve productivity in industrial enterprises (Aswathappa, 2004: 534). Human resource management can play vital roles in enhancing cooperative and friendly industrial relations. In Bangladesh, collective bargaining on pay between employer and workmen is prohibited in the public sector enterprises as the government designs uniform pay and benefits for the employees of all public sector enterprises (Mahmood, 2008). The limited scope of collective bargaining in the public sector of Bangladesh influences the trade unions to develop network with government, political parties and other powerful bodies in organizing their activities. It hinders effective interactions between the representatives of employers and workers at enterprise level. Though performance based pay is considered to have significant impact on employee performance (DesslerVarkkey, 2010: 15), it is not at all practiced by the public sector enterprises in Bangladesh. As a result, public sector enterprises in Bangladesh have been incurring huge losses. On the other hand, all types of collective bargaining takes place at enterprise level in case of private sector enterprises (Khan, 1996). Mahmood (2008) mentioned that the industrial relations process in the private sector was often disturbed by links between private and public sector unions. Objectives: a) To explore the differences between public and private sector industrial enterprises of Bangladesh with respect to overall status of IR. b) To put forward policy implications of overall improvement in IR of Bangladesh. Industrial Relations Studies in Bangladesh Khan (1986) studied industrial relations in Bangladesh with special emphasis on trade unionism. †¦ Trade Unions Trade Union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade, achieving higher pay, increasing the number of employees an employer hires, and better working conditions. An organized association of workers in a trade, group of trades, or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests. A group of employees in a particular sector, whose aim is to negotiate with employees over pay, job security, working hours, etc. using the collective power of the members. The most common purpose of these associations or unions is maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. Causes of organizing trade unions Provision of benefits to members: professional training, legal advice and representation for members is still an important benefit of trade union membership. Industrial action: Trade unions may enforce strikes or resistance to lockouts in furtherance of particular goals. Political activity: Trade unions may promote legislation favourable to the interests of their members or workers as a whole. To this end they may pursue campaigns, undertake lobbying, or financially support individual candidates or parties. Conditions of employment and any grievances — are settled through trade unions. Bargaining rights: Trade unions bargain and ensure the status, rights, wages and demands of workers of the modern world of industry. Contribution in economical growth: Trade unions are growing rapidly in an economy because of the expansion of business and economical growth. Objectives Trade unions are the only way to manage, compliant, and control the labour force. Lots of objectives are there to organize trade unions. . To defend or improve the wages and working conditions of workers and to bring about a change in the economic order. 2. To strengthen their (labour) bargaining power collectively to establish and achieve all their rights. 3. To dully protect all other interest of the workers . And from the managements point of view the objectives as written: a) To reduce the number of negotiation. b) To specify work rules, disagreements and grievances to give the better solution to workers claim. c) To establish the efficient communication between the employers and management to enforce the predictable standards. ) To enhance the overall organizational effectiveness workers can also be sometimes inspired to form and organize trade union. In fact, objectives of a trade union are not defined; rather these are changing according to the need of the economy and overall industry. When these objectives are not settled then the rivals are started History of Trade Unions The Pakistan Period (1947-71) -The East Pakistan Trade Unions Act, 1965 was enacted repealing the Trade Unions Act, 1926. -The Labor Disputes Act, 1965 was enacted. -Industrial Relations Ordinance, 1969 was enacted integrating the above two Acts. Bangladesh Period (1971-onwards) -Government of Bangladesh declared a labor policy in 1972. The right to strike and collective bargaining in the nationalized industries was prohibited for six months by Presidential order no. 55 in May 1972. -In 1973, the right to strike and lockout, as granted by IRO, 1969 was withdrawn. -In 1974 Act completely suspended the democratic rights of workers by prohibiting trade union activities such as strikes, lock-outs, collective bargaining. -The military regime of 1975 imposed restrictions on the rights of collective bargaining. The Industrial Relations (Amendment) Ordinance, 1977 liberalized the Rights of Freedom of Association -The Labor Policy of 1980 restored the right to freedom of association to a considerable extent -In 1982 the military regime banned trade union activities, strikes, and right of freedom of association. Limitations In Bangladesh Trade Unions have a lot of unavoidable problems: 1. Lack of consciousness: Trade union are not actu ally completely aware about employees legal rights and duties. 2. Lack of Unity: In Bangladesh trade unions are separated for political influence. 3. Lack of knowledge: The workers of Bangladesh dont have enough knowledge about their rights and duties. 4. Political influence: In Bangladesh, trade unions work a part of political parties not as a free right saving association. 5. Division of trade union: Bangladesh is a country where every organization has more trade unions in name only. The overall productivity got down. Suggestions Strengthening bilateral collective bargaining for solving problems quickly and effectively. Multiplicity of trade union creates the rivals in a union. So it must be reduced. Political involvement must be reduced. Organization must support financially as trade unions support the worker. Training programs under trade union should be helpful to develop the skills of the workers. Trade unions function should be increased and widened throughout the organization. Union leader must be given importance and encourage the members. If trust between workers and management increases, productivity increases. Management must help and guide trade unions to settle industrial clashes and crisis. Trade unions always should demand reasonable thing to the management. . What is a dispute? Academically speaking, industrial dispute refers to any conflict between employees and employers, between employers and employers and between employers and employees. †¢ But in reality, dispute is understood as the conflict between employees and employers. There are three types of Disputes : †¢ Disciplinary disputes †¢ Grievance disputes †¢ Industrial disputes †¢ According to Industrial Dispute Act, 1947, Industrial dispute means any dispute or difference between employers and employers, or between employers and workmen, or between workmen and workmen, which is connected with the mployment or non-employment or terms of employment or with the conditions of labour of any person. Causes of Industrial Disputes: Some of the prominent causes of industrial disputes may be listed thus: Employment: The list here includes disputes over wages, allowances, bonus, benefits, working, condition, unjust dismissals, retrenchment of workers, methods of job evaluation, changes in methods of production, non-implement of awards of tribunals, etc. The National Commission on Labor remarked â€Å"though on majority of occasions industrial disputes were based on claims pertaining to the terms and condition of employment, sometimes economic issues of a general character dominated and, on occasion, purely motives†. The causes of industrial disputes can be broadly classified into two categories: economic and non-economic causes. The economic causes will include issues relating to compensation like wages, bonus, allowances, and conditions for work, working hours, leave and holidays without pay, unjust layoffs and retrenchments. The non economic factors will include victimization of workers, ill treatment by staff members, sympathetic strikes, political factors, indiscipline etc. Wages and allowances:  Since the cost of living index is increasing, workers generally bargain for higher wages to meet the rising cost of living index and to increase their standards of living. In 2002, 21. 4% of disputes were caused by demand of higher wages and allowances. This percentage was 20. 4% during 2003 and during 2004 increased up to 26. 2%. In 2005, wages and allowances accounted for 21. % of disputes. Personnel and retrenchment:  The personnel and retrenchment have also been an important factor which accounted for disputes. During the year 2002, disputes caused by personnel were 14. 1% while those caused by retrenchment and layoffs were 2. 2% and 0. 4% respectively. In 2003, a similar trend could be seen, wherein 11. 2% of the disputes were caused by personnel, while 2. 4% and 0. 6% of disputes were caused by retrenchment and layoffs. In year 2005, only 9. 6% of the disputes were caused by personnel, and only 0. 4% were caused by retrenchment. Indiscipline and violence:  From the given table, it is evident that the number of disputes caused by indiscipline has shown an increasing trend. In 2002, 29. 9% of disputes were caused because of indiscipline, which rose up to 36. 9% in 2003. Similarly in 2004 and 2005, 40. 4% and 41. 6% of disputes were caused due to indiscipline respectively. During the year 2003, indiscipline accounted for the highest percentage (36. 9%) of the total time-loss of all disputes, followed by cause-groups wage and allowance and personnel with 20. 4% and11. % respectively. A similar trend was observed in 2004 where indiscipline accounted for 40. 4% of disputes. Bonus:  Bonus has always been an important factor in industrial disputes. 6. 7% of the disputes were because of bonus in 2002 and 2003 as compared to 3. 5% and 3. 6% in 2004 and 2005 respectively. Leave and working hours: Leaves and working hours have not been so important causes of industrial disputes. During 2002, 0. 5% of the disputes were because of leave and hours of work while this percentage increased to 1% in 2003. During 2004, only 0. % of the disputes were because of leaves and working hours. ? Miscellaneous:  The miscellaneous factors include   Ã‚   Inter/Intra Union Rivalry   Ã‚   Charter of Demands   Ã‚   Work Load   Ã‚   Standing orders/rules/service conditions/safety measures   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Non-implementation of agreements and awards etc. Collective Bargaining Collective bargaining includes not only negotiations between the employers and unions but also includes the process of resolving labor-management conflicts. Thus, collective bargaining is, essentially, a recognized way of creating a system of industrial jurisprudence. It acts as a method of introducing civil rights in the industry, that is, the management should be conducted by rules rather than arbitrary decision making. It establishes rules which define and restrict the traditional authority exercised by the management. Importance to employees ? Collective bar aining develops a sense of self respect and responsibility among the employees. It increases the strength of the workforce, thereby, increasing their bargaining capacity as a group. Collective bargaining increases the morale and productivity of employees. It restricts management’s freedom for arbitrary action against the employees. Moreover, unilateral actions by the employer are also discouraged. Effective collective bargaining machinery strengthens the trade unions movement. The workers feel motivated as they can approach the management on various matters and bargain for higher benefits. It helps in securing a prompt and fair settlement of grievances. It provides a flexible means for the adjustment of wages and employment conditions to economic and technological changes in the industry, as a result of which the chances for conflicts are reduced. Importance to employers 1. It becomes easier for the management to resolve issues at the bargaining level rather than taking up complaints of individual workers. 2. Collective bargaining tends to promote a sense of job security among employees and thereby tends to reduce the cost of labor turnover to management. 3. Collective bargaining opens up the channel of communication between the workers and the management and increases worker participation in decision making. 4. Collective bargaining plays a vital role in settling and preventing industrial disputes. Importance to society: 1. Collective bargaining leads to industrial peace in the country 2. It results in establishment of a harmonious industrial climate which supports which helps the pace of a nation’s efforts towards economic and social development since the obstacles to such a development can be reduced considerably. 3. The discrimination and exploitation of workers is constantly being checked. 4. It provides a method or the regulation of the conditions of employment of those who are directly concerned about them.